HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

 

A. HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

Definition of Hortatory exposition Text
Hortatory exposition is a text which represents the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way.

Generic Structure of Hortatory exposition Text

Ø  Thesis : Thesis is the announcement of issue concern.

Ø  Arguments : Argument is reason for concern, leading to recommendation.

Ø  Recommendation : Recommendation is statement of what ought or ought to happen.

Purpose of Hortatory Exposition
Hortatory exposition is used to persuade the reader or listener that something should pr should not be the case.

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Hortatory exposition Text:
– Focusing on the writer
– Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
– Using action verb
– Using thinking verb
– Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
– Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
– Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
– Using passive voice
– Using simple present tense

Example of Hortatory Exposition Text

Contoh Hortatory Exposition – Never Try Smoking

Never Try Smoking

A lot of people, especially teenagers, who do not smoke, always want to try smoking. They know it is bad for them and all, but it is just something they want to try. So they ask one of their smoker friends for a cigarette. Admittedly, they firstly can not light it on their own so they ask his friend to do it. Then they inhale that cigarette and smoke occasionally.

Apparently that makes them the born smokers. Now they do smoke fairly regularly. They can not avoid smoking and they enjoy too. They have smoker friends. Everyday they bring a pack in their pocket. For them, a pack of cigarette is as important as a wallet for their money.

Suddenly, for certain reason, they realize the fact that tobacco is the cause of a long list of nasty diseases. It is not only heart disease, stroke, and chronic lung disease but also bladder, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Even it was reported that around 400,000 Americans died each year. It was one every 80 seconds from tobacco-related illnesses.

Then they decide it is stupid to harm selves. They want to quit smoking. Unfortunately, they find that quitting smoking is so difficult. “Why can’t I stop smoking? I really want to stop it”. It is hard to quit because nicotine is powerfully addictive. Cigarette is one of the most efficient drug-delivery devices ever devised. As result, when people try to quit smoking, they often experience classic nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, headache, depression, and restlessness.
Well, still want to try smoke? Think the facts before trying! If you are not smoker, you should never and never try to smoke.

B. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Definition

Analytical exposition text is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding.

Purpose:

Ø  To persuade the reader or listener that there is something that, certainly, needs to get attention

Ø  To analyze a topic and to persuade the reader that this opinion is correct and supported by arguments

Examples: argumentative essay, exploratory essay

Generic Structure:

Ø  Thesis : Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writer’s position; Outlines of the arguments to be presented.

Ø  Arguments : It consists about Point and Elaboration Point, states the main argument. Elaboration: develops and supports each point of argument

Ø  Conclusion : Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writer’s position

Language Features:

Ø  Focus on generic human and non human participants.

Ø  Use mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or feels about something, for example: realize, feel, etc.

Ø  Need material processes. It is used to state what happens, for example: has polluted, etc.

Ø  Use of simple present tense.

Ø  Use of relational processes.

Ø  Use of internal conjunction to state argument.

Ø  Reasoning through casual conjunction or nominalization.

The example of Analytical Exposition:

Cars should be banned in the city
Thesis	Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Arguments	Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world.Cars emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers. Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone.
Reiteration	In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

C. EXPLANATION TEXT

What is explanation text?

Explanation text is a text that explains about a process or sequence of phenomena.  There are 2 types of explanation text; sequential and cause and effect.

What is the purpose of explanation text?

An explanation text is written to explain how and why something (natural or socio-cultural phenomena) in the world happen. The text contains the process or sequence of the phenomena.

The generic structures of explanation text are?

The generic structures of explanation text consists of three components.

Ø  Title

Ø  General statement -> Stating the phenomena or issues which are being explained.

Ø  Explanation -> Stating the series of steps which explain the issues or phenomena.

The language features of explanation text.

Ø  Focusing generic participant -> an object or phenomenon which is being discussed, such as; rain, chocolate, etc.

Ø  Using present tense -> This kind of text mostly applies present tense for its sentences, such as; "rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, ......."; Chocolate starts from a tree called cacao tree, and etc.

Ø  Using chronological connectors -> The text applies chronological connectors / chronological connections / connectives, such as; first, second, third, then, after, after that, finally, so, as a consequence, and etc.

Ø  Using passive voice -> The text sometimes applies passive form, such as; "... the beans are fermented for about a week, dried under the sun, and shipped to the chocolate maker...".  

Ø  Using noun, pronoun, verb, and etc. -> Like so many other text, explanation text absolutely applies a lot of nouns, pronouns (subject pronoun, object pronoun, possessive pronoun, demonstrative pronoun), action verb, and etc.

Example of explanation text

D. DISCUSSION TEXT

Definition of Discussion Text

Discussion is a process of finding common ground between two different thoughts, views or opinions. And discussion text can be defined : Discussion text is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text. In other word, Discussion is a kind of genre used to present (at least) two points of view about an issue.

General structure of Discussion Text

– Issue : stating the issue which is to discussed

– Argument pro : presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue

– Argument cons : presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point

– Conclusion / recommendation : stating the writer’ recommendation of the discourse

Purpose of Discussion text

– To present two points of view about issue or problem.

– To present arguments from differing points of view about issue or problem..

Language feature of Discussion text

– Introducing category or generic participant

– Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc

– Using contrastive conjunction; however, on the other hand, but, in other side, although,etc

– Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc

– Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

– Simple present

Examples of Discussion text

Nuclear Energy : Advantage Or Disadvantage

Nuclear energy is commonly offered as an alternative to overcome the crisis of energy. The debate whether the use of nuclear energy is an appropriate choice or not, has not come to an end. Some people agree with the utilization of it because of its benefits. Some others, however, disagree because of its risks to the environment.

Those who agree with the operation of nuclear reactors usually argue that nuclear energy is the only feasible choice to answer the ever – increasing energy needs. In their opinion, the other sources of energy: oil, coal, and liquid natural gas are not renewable and safe, while nuclear energy can be sustainable when produced in a safe way.

However, people who disagree with the use of nuclear energy point out that the waste of nuclear products can completely destroy the environment and human lives. A meltdown in reactor, for example, usually results in the contamination of the surroundings soil and water. Take for example, the blow up of the nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station in Russia twenty years ago. The serious contamination imperiled people and the environment severely.

It is obvious that nuclear energy should be avoided because it really endangers the environment but what about a less polluted energy instead of nuclear energy. Is there any alternative energy to overcome the crisis of energy? In my opinion, nuclear energy is the best choice to overcome the crisis of energy. However, government should make sure that nuclear reactor’s construction and maintains are safe.

E. CONCLUSION

The ability to write effectively becoming  increasingly important in our global community. Advancing technology allows nations and cultures throughout the world to interact with each other,  communication across languages become ever more essential. The ability to write is becoming widely recognized as an important skill for educational, business and personal reasons. Therefore, the purpose of teaching language should be as a system of communication rather than as an object of study.

In this module, I identified the schematic structure of the students’ hortatory exposition writing. The results of identify indicate that almost all the students were able to use and apply the schematic structure well in their written Hortatory Exposition text. Among them, most of them knew what to write when delivering the thesis, arguments and recommendation as well.  Only a student that could not provide a good schematic structure as he could not present the thesis and recommendation . What he delivered was directly giving arguments. What he could convey were arguments and reiteration. It can be seen in his hortatory exposition text.

It could be seen that the text was shown in the text delivered by the student. He directly showed the thesis in the first paragraph of the text. Then, he delivered his arguments what is the advantages by using mobile phone even at school.  The argument clearly showed us that he prefered bringing cellular phone in school.

It seems that this student did not understand how to compose the Schematic Structure in his written Hortatory Exposition well. He did not know how to create a recommendation. He thought that conviction could be categorized as Recommendation. Whereas, convincing to me is called Reiteration as a part of Analitical Exposition not Hortatory Exposition

Meanwhile, as stated before that the majority of the students joining this activity had good understanding on the Schematic Structure of Hortatory Exposition. They knew how to compile the thesis, how to present a series of arguments and how to end their written Hortatory Exposition text by providing good recommendation.